Phytochemical Investigation and GC-MS analysis of Tribulus terrestris L. cultivated in Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61132/obat.v2i5.594Keywords:
Tribulus, mass, dihydrocoumarin, alpha-tocopherol, phytochemicalAbstract
Tribulus terrestris L.,Gokshur in Sanskt, is an annual herbaceous, little prostrate, silky from the Zygophyllaceae family. It is found in extensive, arid, and scorching regions of India. is used in traditional folk medicines as an aphrodisiac, astringent, lithotriptic, diuretic, and urinary disinfectant. however, uneven, pinnae, elliptical leaves. Sprinkled, round, compressed, five-cornered, transverse partitioned carpel fruits with many seeds ripen in July. Pieces of the cylindrical-fibrous root are 7-18 cm and 0.3-0.7 cm wide. According to reported studies, the investigations indicated the presence of the saponins ;gitogenin, tigogenin, neogitogenin, hecogenin, and flavonoid tribuloside was kaempferol-3-glucoside. Furthermore, Tribulus terrestris plays a vital role in hepatotoxicity and is greatly reduced by Tribulus extracts. Similarly, T.terrestris plays a remarkable role in reducing the elevated level of serum glucose, triglycerides, VLDL, and cholesterol. This study aims to conduct a preliminary analysis of the phytochemicals of Tribulus leaves cultivated in Iraq and to determine the active constituent of the ethanolic extract of the leaves using Gc-Mass. Qualitative detection of herbal leaves in Iraqi soil, investigated by GC-MASS revealed important constituents. The funding shows a new compound; dihydrocoumarin and other major constituents neophytadiene and alpha-tocopherol.
Downloads
References
Adaikan, P. G., Gauthaman, K., Prasad, R. N., & Ng, S. C. (2000). Proerectile pharmacological effects of Tribulus terrestris extract on the rabbit corpus cavernosum. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 29(1), 22–26.
Akram, M., Asif, H. M., Akhtar, N., Shah, P. A., Uzair, M., & Shaheen, G., et al. (2011). Tribulus terrestris Linn.: A review article. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3601–3605.
Al-Ali, M., Wahbi, S., Twaij, H., & Al-Badr, A. (2003). Tribulus terrestris: Preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 85(2–3), 257–260.
Chhatre, S., Nesari, T., Somani, G., Kanchan, D., & Sathaye, S. (2014). Phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 8(15), 45.
Chen, C. C., Huang, J. S., Wang, T. H., Kuo, C. H., Wang, C. J., & Wang, S. H., et al. (2017). Dihydrocoumarin, an HDAC inhibitor, increases DNA damage sensitivity by inhibiting Rad52. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(12).
Eldalawy, R., Al-Ani, W. M. K., & Kareem, W. A. (2021). Phenotypic, anatomical and phytochemical investigation of Iraqi Silybum marianum. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (p. 22029). IOP Publishing.
Ibrahim, N. (2015). Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activity of Iraqi Tribulus terrestris. Baghdad International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24(1). Available from: https://bijps.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/bijps/article/view/380
Jurkić, L. M., Cepanec, I., Pavelić, S. K., & Pavelić, K. (2013). Biological and therapeutic effects of ortho-silicic acid and some ortho-silicic acid-releasing compounds: New perspectives for therapy. Nutrition & Metabolism, 10(1), 2.
Kamenov, Z., Fileva, S., & Kalinov, K. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Tribulus terrestris in male sexual dysfunction–a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Maturitas, 81(1), 208.
Kavitha, P., Ramesh, R., Bupesh, G., Stalin, A., & Subramanian, P. (2011). Hepatoprotective activity of Tribulus terrestris extract against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in a freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 47, 698–706.
Kostova, I., & Dinchev, D. (2005). Saponins in Tribulus terrestris–chemistry and bioactivity. Phytochemistry Reviews, 4, 111–137.
Li, M., Qu, W., Wang, Y., Wan, H., & Tian, C. (2002). Hypoglycemic effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris. Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 25(6), 420–422.
Louveaux, A., Jay, M., El Hadi, O. T. M., & Roux, G. (1998). Variability in flavonoid compounds of four Tribulus species: Does it play a role in their identification by desert locust Schistocerca gregaria? Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24, 1465–1481.
Rizvi, S., Raza, S. T., Ahmed, F., Ahmad, A., Abbas, S., & Mahdi, F. (2014). The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 14(2), e157–e165.
Rzhepakovsky, I. V., Areshidze, D. A., Avanesyan, S. S., Grimm, W. D., Filatova, N. V., & Kalinin, A. V., et al. (2022). Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of methanolic leaf extract of Chlorophytum comosum (Green Type) (Thunb.) Jacq. Molecules, 27(3).
Saleh, N. A. M., Ahmed, A. A., & Abdalla, M. F. (1982). Flavonoid glycosides of Tribulus pentandrus and T. terrestris. Phytochemistry, 21(8), 1995–2000.
Tawfeeq, A. A., Ali, S. H. (2022). Isolation and structural characterization of quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside and essential oil estimation from leaves of Iraqi Cupressus sempervirens L (Conference Paper). Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN 1683-3597 E-ISSN 2521-3512), 31(Suppl.), 121–130.
Tawfeeq, A. A., Mahdi, M. F., Abaas, I. S., & Alwan, A. H. (2018). Isolation, quantification, and identification of rosmarinic acid, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oil, cytotoxic effect, and antimicrobial investigation of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(6), 126–132.
Tyagi, P., & Ranjan, R. (2023). Comparative study of the pharmacological, phytochemical and biotechnological aspects of Tribulus terrestris Linn. and Pedalium murex Linn: An overview. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(2), 223–233.
Wu, T. S., Shi, L. S., & Kuo, S. C. (1999). Alkaloids and other constituents from Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry, 50(8), 1411–1415.
Xu, Y. X., Chen, H. S., Liu, W. Y., Gu, Z. B., & Liang, H. Q. (1998). Two sapogenins from Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry, 49(1), 199–201.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
